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APA Tutorial: How do I know what I am looking at - Webpage, eBook, eJournal, What???

This guide is to help you understand the nuances of writing, citing, and avoiding the pitfalls of plagiarism

Terminalogy found with the APA

Common abbreviations used

Abbreviation

Book, publication, or web page section

ed.

edition

rev. ed.

Revised edition

# ed.

second, third, etc. edition

Ed. (Eds.)

Editor (Editors)

Trans.

Translator(s)

n.d.

no date

p. (pp.)

page (pages)

v. vol  (vols.)

Volume (Volumes

no. #

Number

pt.

Part

Tech. rep.

Technical Report

Suppl.

Supplement

e.g.,

for example

i.e.

that is,

viz.,

namely,

vs.

versus or against

etc.

and so forth,

cf.

compare

Hero Section

HS

Content Section

CS

Sidebar Section

Side

Footer Section

Foot

Header

Head

Other common terms used

Citing: The process of acknowledging the sources of your information and ideas.

DOI (doi): Some electronic content, such as online journal articles, is assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI or doi). Items can be tracked down online using their doi.

In-Text Citation: A brief note at the point where information is used from a source to indicate where the information came from. An in-text citation should always match more detailed information that is available in the Reference List.

Paraphrasing: Taking information that you have read and putting it into your own words.

Plagiarism: Taking, using, and passing off as your own, the ideas or words of another.

Quoting: The copying of words of text originally published elsewhere. Direct quotations generally appear in quotation marks and end with a citation.

Reference: Details about one cited source

Note:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/abbreviations/

Quick Rules

Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. Here are nine quick rules for this Reference list.

  1. Start a new page for your Reference list. Centre the title, References, at the top of the page.
  2. Double-space the list.
  3. Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line five spaces (a hanging indent).
  4. Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
  5. For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first (and middle, if listed) initials followed by periods.
  6. Italicize the titles of these works: books, audiovisual material, internet documents and newspapers, and the title and volume number of journals and magazines.
  7. Do not italicize titles of most parts of works, such as: articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals / essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a book / chapters or sections of an Internet document.
  8. In titles of non-periodicals (books, videotapes, websites, reports, poems, essays, chapters, etc), capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, and all proper nouns (names of people, places, organizations, nationalities).
  9. If a web source (not from the library) is not a stable archived version, or you are unsure whether it is stable, include a statement of the accessed date before the link.